Carnelian is a vibrant, reddish-orange to brownish-red variety of chalcedony (a type of quartz), prized as a semi-precious gemstone since antiquity for jewellery, seals, and talismans. It's known for its warm colors derived from iron oxide, and believed to bring courage, vitality, and protection. It's found globally, with major sources in India, Brazil, and the Middle East, and is associated with enhancing life force, promoting success, and aiding in emotional balance.